Alpha-enolase (Eno) is an ubiquitary glycolytic enzyme enjoying a number of features that go nicely past its principal metabolic function of vitality provider throughout glycolysis. Eno is localized within the cytoplasm, but in addition expressed on the cell membrane, the place it binds plasminogen permitting its activation.

Its shorter kind, within the nucleus, acts as transcription issue. In inflammatory situations, Eno undergoes post-translational modifications, comparable to citrullination, oxidation and phosphorylation. Eno can be an autoantigen in several problems.

In truth, autoantibodies to Eno have been detected in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis, main glomerulonephritis, most cancers, infections and different problems, and in lots of instances they symbolize particular markers to be utilized in medical apply.

Anti-Eno antibodies within the totally different medical situations will not be equal: they differ in isotype and sometimes acknowledge totally different epitopes on the enzyme. IgG1 and IgG3 are prevalent in Rheumatoid Arthritis, IgG2 in Lupus nephritis and IgG4 in main autoimmune glomerulopathy.

This overview analyzes the traits of anti-Eno autoantibodies in autoimmune problems and most cancers, describing their high quality specificity and isotype restriction. The post-translational modifications which can be goal of autoantibodies are additionally mentioned, as they symbolize the premise for elucidating the molecular mechanisms chargeable for epitope era.

Regardless of a powerful quantity of experimental work on anti-Eno antibodies, it’s nonetheless essential to validate the usage of anti-Eno antibodies as biomarkers of chosen illnesses and lengthen the information on the mechanisms of anti-Eno autoantibody manufacturing. Methods that downmodulate the immune response to Eno might symbolize sooner or later novel approaches within the therapy of autoimmune problems.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune illness affecting roughly 1-2% of the world inhabitants. Along with the primary found serologic markers for RA, the rheumatoid components (RFs), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are much more particular for the illness in comparison with RFs and are present in 70-80% of RA affected person sera.

RA etiopathogenesis nonetheless must be elucidated, as various factors are proposed to be concerned, comparable to Epstein-Barr virus an infection. Therefore, understanding the interplay between ACPAs and their citrullinated peptide targets is related for a greater information of RA pathophysiology and for diagnostic functions.

On this examine, a cohort of RA sera, wholesome management sera and a number of sclerosis sera have been screened for reactivity to quite a lot of citrullinated peptides originating from α-enolase, pro-filaggrin, proteoglycan and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

ACPA reactivity to citrullinated α-enolase peptides was discovered to rely on peptide size and peptide conformation, favouring cyclic (disulfide bond) conformations for lengthy peptides and linear peptides for truncated ones. Further investigations in regards to the optimum peptide conformation for ACPA detection, using pro-filaggrin and EBNA-2 peptides, confirmed these findings, indicating a optimistic impact of cyclization of longer peptides of roughly 20 amino acids.

Furthermore, screening of the citrullinated peptides confirmed that ACPAs may be divided into two teams based mostly on their reactivity. Roughly 90% of RA sera acknowledge a number of peptide targets, being outlined as cross-reactive or overlapping reactivities, and whose reactivity to the citrullinated peptide is taken into account primarily to be backbone-dependent.

In distinction, roughly 10% acknowledge a single goal and are outlined as nonoverlapping, primarily relying on the particular amino acid side-chains within the epitope for a steady interplay. Collectively, this examine contributed to characterize epitope composition and construction for optimum ACPA reactivity and to acquire additional information in regards to the cross-reactive nature of ACPAs.

The target of the examine was to research the worth of anti-α-enolase antibody (Ab) mixed with RDW in evaluating the exercise of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ranges of serum anti-α-enolase Ab and RDW have been detected in 193 SLE sufferers and 98 wholesome controls by ELISA and automated blood cell counter (XN9000), respectively.

Moreover, the correlation between anti-α-enolase Ab and RDW in evaluating the exercise of SLE was evaluated by correlation evaluation. The extent of anti-α-enolase Ab (9.16 ± 0.44 ng/mL in steady group and 10.26 ± 0.36 ng/mL in exercise group) was considerably larger than that within the wholesome management (7.05 ± 0.27 ng/mL).

The extent of RDW (12.92% ± 1.23% in steady group and 13.57% ± 2.12% in exercise group) was considerably larger than that within the wholesome management (12.46% ± 0.61%). The degrees of anti-α-enolase Ab or RDW in SLE sufferers have been positively correlated with SLEDAI-2 Okay rating (r= 0.75, r = 0.73), respectively.

In contrast with the anti-α-enolase Ab (AUC: 78.0%) or RDW (AUC:80.0%) alone, anti-α-enolase Ab mixed with RDW (AUC: 81.0%) had the very best of the effectiveness of evaluating exercise of SLE. These information urged that mixed anti-α-enolase Ab with RDW could be good biomarker to foretell the exercise of SLE in medical.

A 71-year-old girl introduced with progressive, bilateral, blurred imaginative and prescient and nyctalopia for the final 6 months. Her previous medical historical past included complete hysterectomy and chemotherapy for ovarian most cancers Four years in the past, with out metastases.

Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a uncommon immune-mediated irritation of the retina. The autoantibodies towards retinal proteins and glycolytic enzymes have been reported to be concerned within the pathogenesis. This retrospective cohort examine assessed the antiretinal autoantibody profiles and their affiliation with medical outcomes of AIR sufferers in Thailand.

We included 44 sufferers, 75% have been females, with the general median age of onset of 48 (17-74, IQR 40-55.5) years. Frequent medical displays have been nyctalopia (65.9%), blurred imaginative and prescient (52.3%), constricted visible area (43.2%), and nonrecordable electroretinography (65.9%). Underlying malignancy and autoimmune illnesses have been present in 2 and 12 feminine sufferers, respectively.

We discovered 41 autoantibodies, with anti-α-enolase (65.9%) exhibiting the very best prevalence, adopted by anti-CAII (43.2%), anti-aldolase (40.9%), and anti-GAPDH (36.4%).

Anti-aldolase was related to male gender (P = 0.012, OR 7.11, 95% CI 1.54-32.91). Anti-CAII confirmed important affiliation with age of onset (P = 0.025, 95% CI – 17.28 to – 1.24), whereas anti-α-enolase (P = 0.002, OR 4.37, 95% CI 1.83-10.37) and anti-GAPDH (P = 0.001, OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.32-2.64) have been considerably related to nonrecordable electroretinography.

enolase 1 antibody
22990-100ul	SAB	100ul	EUR 468

Enolase 3 antibody
22360	SAB	100ul	EUR 479

Enolase 3 antibody
22360-100ul	SAB	100ul	EUR 468

Enolase 3 antibody
70R-1218	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 407
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Enolase 3 antibody

Enolase 3 antibody
70R-2263	Fitzgerald	50 ug	EUR 467
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Enolase 3 antibody

Enolase 3 antibody
MBS9410072-01mL	MyBiosource	0.1mL	EUR 420

Enolase 3 antibody
MBS9410072-5x01mL	MyBiosource	5x0.1mL	EUR 1740

enolase 1 antibody
MBS9410123-01mL	MyBiosource	0.1mL	EUR 420

enolase 1 antibody
MBS9410123-5x01mL	MyBiosource	5x0.1mL	EUR 1740

Enolase 3 antibody
MBS839406-01mL	MyBiosource	0.1mL	EUR 750

Enolase 3 antibody
MBS839406-5x01mL	MyBiosource	5x0.1mL	EUR 3215

Enolase 3 antibody
MBS5300778-01mL	MyBiosource	0.1mL	EUR 660

Enolase 3 antibody
MBS5300778-5x01mL	MyBiosource	5x0.1mL	EUR 2820

beta Enolase antibody
20R-2770	Fitzgerald	50 ug	EUR 269
Description: Rabbit polyclonal beta Enolase antibody

Beta Enolase antibody
70R-15252	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 302
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Beta Enolase antibody

beta Enolase antibody
MBS835712-005mg	MyBiosource	0.05mg	EUR 485

beta Enolase antibody
MBS835712-5x005mg	MyBiosource	5x0.05mg	EUR 2045

Beta Enolase antibody
MBS839880-01mg	MyBiosource	0.1mg	EUR 510

Beta Enolase antibody
MBS839880-5x01mg	MyBiosource	5x0.1mg	EUR 2150

gamma enolase Antibody
20-abx134144	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

gamma enolase Antibody
20-abx009295	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

gamma Enolase antibody
10R-7471	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 471.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal gamma Enolase antibody

gamma Enolase antibody
10R-7472	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 471.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal gamma Enolase antibody

gamma Enolase antibody
10R-7473	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 471.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal gamma Enolase antibody

Alpha enolase Antibody
E551018-12-PU	EnoGene	100ug	EUR 295
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Alpha enolase Antibody
E551018-14-PU	EnoGene	100ug	EUR 295
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Alpha enolase Antibody
E551018-28-PU	EnoGene	100ug	EUR 295
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Alpha enolase Antibody
E551018-9-PU	EnoGene	100ug	EUR 295
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Alpha enolase antibody
70R-15182	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 302
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Alpha enolase antibody

Gamma enolase antibody
70R-15407	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 302
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Gamma enolase antibody

Gamma enolase antibody
70R-49706	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 242
Description: Purified Polyclonal Gamma enolase antibody

Alpha enolase Antibody
MBS857840-01mg	MyBiosource	0.1mg	EUR 370

Alpha enolase Antibody
MBS857840-01mLAF405L	MyBiosource	0.1mL(AF405L)	EUR 565

Affiliation between the antibody profiles and medical outcomes could also be used to direct and modify the therapy plans and supply insights within the pathogenesis of AIR.