Alpha-enolase (Eno) is an ubiquitary glycolytic enzyme enjoying a number of features that go nicely past its principal metabolic function of vitality provider throughout glycolysis. Eno is localized within the cytoplasm, but in addition expressed on the cell membrane, the place it binds plasminogen permitting its activation.

Its shorter kind, within the nucleus, acts as transcription issue. In inflammatory situations, Eno undergoes post-translational modifications, comparable to citrullination, oxidation and phosphorylation. Eno can be an autoantigen in several problems.

In truth, autoantibodies to Eno have been detected in rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis, main glomerulonephritis, most cancers, infections and different problems, and in lots of instances they symbolize particular markers to be utilized in medical apply.

Anti-Eno antibodies within the totally different medical situations will not be equal: they differ in isotype and sometimes acknowledge totally different epitopes on the enzyme. IgG1 and IgG3 are prevalent in Rheumatoid Arthritis, IgG2 in Lupus nephritis and IgG4 in main autoimmune glomerulopathy.

This overview analyzes the traits of anti-Eno autoantibodies in autoimmune problems and most cancers, describing their high quality specificity and isotype restriction. The post-translational modifications which can be goal of autoantibodies are additionally mentioned, as they symbolize the premise for elucidating the molecular mechanisms chargeable for epitope era.

Regardless of a powerful quantity of experimental work on anti-Eno antibodies, it’s nonetheless essential to validate the usage of anti-Eno antibodies as biomarkers of chosen illnesses and lengthen the information on the mechanisms of anti-Eno autoantibody manufacturing. Methods that downmodulate the immune response to Eno might symbolize sooner or later novel approaches within the therapy of autoimmune problems.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune illness affecting roughly 1-2% of the world inhabitants. Along with the primary found serologic markers for RA, the rheumatoid components (RFs), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) are much more particular for the illness in comparison with RFs and are present in 70-80% of RA affected person sera.

RA etiopathogenesis nonetheless must be elucidated, as various factors are proposed to be concerned, comparable to Epstein-Barr virus an infection. Therefore, understanding the interplay between ACPAs and their citrullinated peptide targets is related for a greater information of RA pathophysiology and for diagnostic functions.

On this examine, a cohort of RA sera, wholesome management sera and a number of sclerosis sera have been screened for reactivity to quite a lot of citrullinated peptides originating from α-enolase, pro-filaggrin, proteoglycan and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-2 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

ACPA reactivity to citrullinated α-enolase peptides was discovered to rely on peptide size and peptide conformation, favouring cyclic (disulfide bond) conformations for lengthy peptides and linear peptides for truncated ones. Further investigations in regards to the optimum peptide conformation for ACPA detection, using pro-filaggrin and EBNA-2 peptides, confirmed these findings, indicating a optimistic impact of cyclization of longer peptides of roughly 20 amino acids.

Furthermore, screening of the citrullinated peptides confirmed that ACPAs may be divided into two teams based mostly on their reactivity. Roughly 90% of RA sera acknowledge a number of peptide targets, being outlined as cross-reactive or overlapping reactivities, and whose reactivity to the citrullinated peptide is taken into account primarily to be backbone-dependent.

In distinction, roughly 10% acknowledge a single goal and are outlined as nonoverlapping, primarily relying on the particular amino acid side-chains within the epitope for a steady interplay. Collectively, this examine contributed to characterize epitope composition and construction for optimum ACPA reactivity and to acquire additional information in regards to the cross-reactive nature of ACPAs.

The target of the examine was to research the worth of anti-α-enolase antibody (Ab) mixed with RDW in evaluating the exercise of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Ranges of serum anti-α-enolase Ab and RDW have been detected in 193 SLE sufferers and 98 wholesome controls by ELISA and automated blood cell counter (XN9000), respectively.

Moreover, the correlation between anti-α-enolase Ab and RDW in evaluating the exercise of SLE was evaluated by correlation evaluation. The extent of anti-α-enolase Ab (9.16 ± 0.44 ng/mL in steady group and 10.26 ± 0.36 ng/mL in exercise group) was considerably larger than that within the wholesome management (7.05 ± 0.27 ng/mL).

The extent of RDW (12.92% ± 1.23% in steady group and 13.57% ± 2.12% in exercise group) was considerably larger than that within the wholesome management (12.46% ± 0.61%). The degrees of anti-α-enolase Ab or RDW in SLE sufferers have been positively correlated with SLEDAI-2 Okay rating (r= 0.75, r = 0.73), respectively.

In contrast with the anti-α-enolase Ab (AUC: 78.0%) or RDW (AUC:80.0%) alone, anti-α-enolase Ab mixed with RDW (AUC: 81.0%) had the very best of the effectiveness of evaluating exercise of SLE. These information urged that mixed anti-α-enolase Ab with RDW could be good biomarker to foretell the exercise of SLE in medical.

A 71-year-old girl introduced with progressive, bilateral, blurred imaginative and prescient and nyctalopia for the final 6 months. Her previous medical historical past included complete hysterectomy and chemotherapy for ovarian most cancers Four years in the past, with out metastases.

Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a uncommon immune-mediated irritation of the retina. The autoantibodies towards retinal proteins and glycolytic enzymes have been reported to be concerned within the pathogenesis. This retrospective cohort examine assessed the antiretinal autoantibody profiles and their affiliation with medical outcomes of AIR sufferers in Thailand.

We included 44 sufferers, 75% have been females, with the general median age of onset of 48 (17-74, IQR 40-55.5) years. Frequent medical displays have been nyctalopia (65.9%), blurred imaginative and prescient (52.3%), constricted visible area (43.2%), and nonrecordable electroretinography (65.9%). Underlying malignancy and autoimmune illnesses have been present in 2 and 12 feminine sufferers, respectively.

We discovered 41 autoantibodies, with anti-α-enolase (65.9%) exhibiting the very best prevalence, adopted by anti-CAII (43.2%), anti-aldolase (40.9%), and anti-GAPDH (36.4%).

Anti-aldolase was related to male gender (P = 0.012, OR 7.11, 95% CI 1.54-32.91). Anti-CAII confirmed important affiliation with age of onset (P = 0.025, 95% CI – 17.28 to – 1.24), whereas anti-α-enolase (P = 0.002, OR 4.37, 95% CI 1.83-10.37) and anti-GAPDH (P = 0.001, OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.32-2.64) have been considerably related to nonrecordable electroretinography.

Enolase 3 antibody
22360-100ul	SAB	100ul	EUR 468

Enolase 3 antibody
70R-1218	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 407
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Enolase 3 antibody

Enolase 3 antibody
70R-2263	Fitzgerald	50 ug	EUR 467
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Enolase 3 antibody

beta Enolase antibody
20R-2770	Fitzgerald	50 ug	EUR 269
Description: Rabbit polyclonal beta Enolase antibody

Beta Enolase antibody
70R-15252	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 302
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Beta Enolase antibody

gamma enolase Antibody
20-abx134144	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

gamma enolase Antibody
20-abx009295	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	100 ul 200 ul 30 ul

gamma Enolase antibody
10R-7471	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 471.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal gamma Enolase antibody

gamma Enolase antibody
10R-7472	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 471.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal gamma Enolase antibody

gamma Enolase antibody
10R-7473	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 471.6
Description: Mouse monoclonal gamma Enolase antibody

Alpha enolase Antibody
E551018-12-PU	EnoGene	100ug	EUR 295
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Alpha enolase Antibody
E551018-14-PU	EnoGene	100ug	EUR 295
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Alpha enolase Antibody
E551018-28-PU	EnoGene	100ug	EUR 295
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Alpha enolase Antibody
E551018-9-PU	EnoGene	100ug	EUR 295
Description: Available in various conjugation types.

Alpha enolase antibody
70R-15182	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 302
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Alpha enolase antibody

Gamma enolase antibody
70R-15407	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 302
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Gamma enolase antibody

Gamma enolase antibody
70R-49706	Fitzgerald	100 ul	EUR 242
Description: Purified Polyclonal Gamma enolase antibody

Non-Neuronal Enolase / Alpha Enolase (ENO1) Antibody
abx031765-400ul	Abbexa	400 ul	EUR 627.6

Non-Neuronal Enolase / Alpha Enolase (ENO1) Antibody
abx031765-80l	Abbexa	80 µl	EUR 343.2

Non-Neuronal Enolase / Alpha Enolase (ENO1) Antibody
20-abx242096	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price	100 ul 50 ul

Non-Neuronal Enolase / Alpha Enolase (ENO1) Antibody
20-abx242097	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price	100 ul 50 ul

Rabbit Polyclonal Enolase 2/Neuron-specific Enolase Antibody
TA336531	Origene Technologies GmbH	100 µl	Ask for price

Alpha Enolase Antibody / ENO1
RQ5160	NSJ Bioreagents	100ul	EUR 356.15
Description: The ENO1 gene encodes alpha-enolase, one of three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals. Each isoenzyme is a homodimer composed of 2 alpha, 2 gamma, or 2 beta subunits, and functions as a glycolytic enzyme. Alpha-enolase in addition, functions as a structural lens protein (tau-crystallin) in the monomeric form. [RefSeq]

Beta Enolase antibody (HRP)
60R-1594	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 302
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Beta Enolase antibody (HRP)

Human Enolase 2 Antibody
32702-05111	AssayPro	150 ug	EUR 215

Human Enolase 1 Antibody
32014-05111	AssayPro	150 ug	EUR 215

Alpha Enolase Antibody / ENOA
F54785-0.08ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.08 ml	EUR 140.25
Description: ENOA, or ENO1, is one of three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals; the protein alpha-enolase, a homodimeric soluble enzyme, and is also a shorter monomeric structural lens protein, tau-crystallin. The two proteins are made from the same message. The full length protein, the isoenzyme, is found in the cytoplasm. The shorter protein is produced from an alternative translation start, is localized to the nucleus, and has been found to bind to an element in the c-myc promoter.

Alpha Enolase Antibody / ENOA
F54785-0.4ML	NSJ Bioreagents	0.4 ml	EUR 322.15
Description: ENOA, or ENO1, is one of three enolase isoenzymes found in mammals; the protein alpha-enolase, a homodimeric soluble enzyme, and is also a shorter monomeric structural lens protein, tau-crystallin. The two proteins are made from the same message. The full length protein, the isoenzyme, is found in the cytoplasm. The shorter protein is produced from an alternative translation start, is localized to the nucleus, and has been found to bind to an element in the c-myc promoter.

Alpha enolase antibody (HRP)
60R-1386	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 302
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Alpha enolase antibody (HRP)

Beta Enolase antibody (FITC)
60R-1595	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 302
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Beta Enolase antibody (FITC)

Gamma enolase antibody (HRP)
60R-2032	Fitzgerald	100 ug	EUR 305
Description: Rabbit polyclonal Gamma enolase antibody (HRP)

Enolase (ENO) Antibody
20-abx300124	Abbexa	Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price Ask for price	100 ug 1 mg 200 ug 20 ug 50 ug

Enolase (ENO) Antibody
abx300124-100g	Abbexa	100 µg	EUR 362.5

Affiliation between the antibody profiles and medical outcomes could also be used to direct and modify the therapy plans and supply insights within the pathogenesis of AIR.